Complete Guide to Blood Pressure Management

What Is Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure is the force exerted on artery walls as the heart pumps blood throughout the body. It consists of systolic pressure (when the heart contracts) and diastolic pressure (when the heart relaxes), expressed as "120/80 mmHg." Hypertension is called the "silent killer" because it can cause serious complications without symptoms, making regular monitoring crucial.

Blood Pressure Classification

Managing Hypertension

Lifestyle Changes

• Reduce sodium intake: Limit to under 2,000 mg/day (5g of salt). The average Korean sodium intake is about twice the recommended amount.
• Regular exercise: At least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week (brisk walking, swimming) can lower systolic BP by 5-8 mmHg.
• Weight management: Each 1 kg of weight loss reduces blood pressure by about 1 mmHg.
• Moderate alcohol: Limit to 2 drinks/day for men, 1 for women.
• Quit smoking: Smoking constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure.

The DASH Diet

The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is a scientifically proven eating plan for managing high blood pressure.

Managing Hypotension

Hypotension is defined as systolic pressure below 90 mmHg or diastolic below 60 mmHg. Symptoms may include dizziness, fainting, and fatigue.

• Stay well-hydrated (1.5-2L per day).
• Change positions slowly — don't stand up suddenly.
• Slightly increase salt intake (consult your doctor).
• Compression stockings may help.

How to Measure Blood Pressure Correctly

• Avoid caffeine, exercise, and smoking 30 minutes before measuring.
• Rest for 5 minutes, then sit with your back supported.
• Place your arm at heart level and wrap the cuff on bare skin.
• Take 2 readings 2 minutes apart and use the average.
• Measure in the morning (within 1 hour of waking) and evening (before bed).