CalKit

Momentum Calculator

Calculate momentum.

kg
m/s
운동량 (p = mv)
50.00kg·m/s

충돌 계산 (완전 비탄성)

kg
m/s
kg
m/s
충돌 후 최종 속도
4.38m/s

충돌 상세

충돌 전 총 운동량35.00 kg·m/s
충돌 전 운동에너지287.50 J
충돌 후 운동에너지76.56 J
에너지 변화-210.94 J

Overview

Calculate momentum (p = mv) and impulse (J = FΔt). Used in collision analysis, rocket propulsion, sports mechanics, and safety engineering alongside the law of conservation of momentum.

Formula

Momentum: p = mv
Impulse: J = FΔt = Δp = m(v₂ - v₁)
Conservation of Momentum: m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁v₁' + m₂v₂'

Perfectly Inelastic Collision: m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = (m₁ + m₂)v'

Units: Momentum (kg·m/s), Mass (kg), Velocity (m/s), Impulse (N·s)

How to Use

  1. 1Enter the mass (kg).
  2. 2Enter the velocity (m/s).
  3. 3Momentum (kg·m/s) is calculated automatically.
  4. 4For collision analysis, enter masses and velocities before and after collision to check conservation.

Tips

  • ✔Momentum is a vector quantity — direction matters.
  • ✔In the absence of external forces, total momentum of a system is conserved.
  • ✔Airbags increase collision time to reduce impact force (F = Δp/Δt).
  • ✔1 N·s = 1 kg·m/s.

FAQ

Q. What is the law of conservation of momentum?

In an isolated system with no external forces, total momentum before collision equals total momentum after: m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁v₁' + m₂v₂'. This applies to both elastic and inelastic collisions.

Q. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions?

In elastic collisions, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. In inelastic collisions, only momentum is conserved while some kinetic energy converts to heat, sound, etc. In perfectly inelastic collisions, the objects stick together.

Q. How do airbags reduce impact?

For the same change in momentum (Δp), increasing the collision time (Δt) reduces the average force (F = Δp/Δt). Airbags greatly increase the collision duration, thus lowering the force on occupants.

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